What Are the Signs of a Heart Attack?

A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot or buildup of plaque in the arteries. Recognizing the signs of a heart attack early is crucial, as fast medical attention can save lives and reduce damage to the heart muscle.

Common Signs of a Heart Attack

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the most common symptoms include:

Chest pain or discomfort: Pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center or left side of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back.
Shortness of breath: This may occur with or without chest discomfort.
Pain in other areas of the body: Discomfort or pain spreading to the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
Cold sweats: Sudden sweating without physical activity.
Nausea or vomiting: Feeling sick to the stomach is common, especially in women.
Lightheadedness or dizziness: A feeling of faintness that often accompanies chest pain.

Signs of a Heart Attack in Women

Women may experience different or less typical symptoms than men. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) notes that women are more likely to report:

Unusual fatigue, sometimes for days before the attack
Indigestion, heartburn, or stomach pain
Shortness of breath without chest pain
Back or jaw pain

Because these signs can be mistaken for other conditions, women are sometimes diagnosed later, which makes awareness especially important.

Silent Heart Attacks

Some heart attacks occur with very mild or no symptoms, often called “silent heart attacks.” These are more common in people with diabetes, older adults, and women. They are just as dangerous as symptomatic heart attacks and increase the risk of future cardiac events.

When to Call for Emergency Help

If you or someone around you shows signs of a heart attack, call emergency services immediately. Do not wait more than five minutes before seeking help. Quick action with treatments like clot-busting drugs or angioplasty can save lives.

Conclusion

The signs of a heart attack can vary, but chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to other parts of the body are the most common. Women may experience less typical symptoms such as fatigue, indigestion, or jaw pain. Recognizing these warning signs and seeking medical help immediately can make a life-saving difference.

For more details, visit the American Heart Association and the NHLBI Heart Attack Resources.

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