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How to Know If You Have Celiac Disease?

 How to Know If You Have Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that damages the small intestine when gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) is consumed. According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, around 1 in 100 people worldwide have the condition, but many go undiagnosed because symptoms often resemble other digestive problems. Below is a clear guide to help you understand the signs, risk factors, and testing methods for celiac disease.


What are the Common Symptoms of Celiac Disease?

Symptoms can vary widely between individuals. The Mayo Clinic lists the most frequent ones as:

  • Digestive problems: diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas, abdominal pain, nausea

  • Nutritional deficiencies: anemia, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, unexplained weight loss

  • Skin issues: dermatitis herpetiformis (an itchy, blistering rash)

  • Bone and joint problems: osteoporosis, brittle bones, joint pain

  • Neurological symptoms: headaches, brain fog, numbness in hands and feet, balance issues

  • Reproductive issues: infertility, recurrent miscarriages

  • General fatigue: constant tiredness due to poor nutrient absorption

Silent Celiac Disease

Not everyone has obvious symptoms. Some people have “silent celiac disease,” where internal damage occurs without digestive complaints. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) stresses the importance of screening if you:

  • Have a family history of celiac disease

  • Already live with another autoimmune disorder

What are the Risk Factors for Celiac Disease?

According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, you are more likely to develop celiac disease if you:

  • Have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, child) with celiac disease

  • Live with type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, or another autoimmune condition

  • Have genetic conditions such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome

  • Suffer from unexplained iron deficiency anemia

How to Test for Celiac Disease?

If you suspect celiac disease, medical testing is essential. The Mayo Clinic recommends:

  1. Blood tests – check for antibodies (such as tTG-IgA) linked to gluten sensitivity

  2. Endoscopy with biopsy – the gold standard to confirm intestinal damage

  3. Genetic testing – identifies genes (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8) associated with celiac disease

⚠️ Important: Do not stop eating gluten before testing, as it may cause false results.

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical advice if you experience:

  • Persistent digestive problems

  • Chronic fatigue

  • Unexplained anemia

  • A combination of symptoms listed above

The NIDDK warns that untreated celiac disease can lead to long-term complications, including malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and higher cancer risks.

How to live with Celiac Disease?

Currently, the only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods and drinks made with wheat, rye, and barley. The Celiac Disease Foundation provides gluten-free food lists, recipes, and resources to make the transition easier. With more gluten-free options available today, maintaining proper nutrition while staying symptom-free is achievable.


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