How to Know If I Have a Yeast Infection?

A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans in the vaginal area. Many women experience it at least once in their lifetime. Because its symptoms can resemble other vaginal infections, recognizing the signs of a yeast infection is important for proper treatment.

Common Symptoms of a Yeast Infection

According to the Mayo Clinic, the most common signs include:

Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
Burning sensation, especially during urination or sex
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Thick, white vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese-like texture, usually odorless
Soreness and discomfort around the vaginal area

Other Possible Symptoms

Some women may also experience:

Vaginal rash
Painful intercourse
Cracks in the skin around the vulva

These symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the extent of the infection.

How to Differentiate From Other Conditions

Since yeast infection symptoms can be similar to bacterial vaginosis (BV) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it’s important not to self-diagnose. For example:

BV often causes a thin, grayish discharge with a strong fishy odor.
Some STIs may cause itching and discharge, but are accompanied by pelvic pain or abnormal bleeding.

The Cleveland Clinic recommends seeing a doctor if symptoms are severe, frequent, or unclear.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a healthcare provider if:

It’s your first time experiencing symptoms
You’re pregnant or have a weakened immune system
Symptoms are severe (swelling, cracks, intense itching)
Infections keep coming back (more than four times a year)

A doctor can confirm the diagnosis with a physical exam or lab test and prescribe appropriate antifungal treatment.

How Yeast Infections Are Treated

Most yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications, which may be available as:

Vaginal creams or suppositories
Oral antifungal tablets (such as fluconazole)

Over-the-counter treatments are available, but medical confirmation is best to avoid mistreating another condition.

Conclusion

The signs of a yeast infection include itching, burning, redness, and thick white discharge. While many women experience these symptoms, they can overlap with other infections, making proper diagnosis important. If you suspect a yeast infection, consult your doctor for the right treatment and to prevent recurrence.

For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic Yeast Infection Guide and the Cleveland Clinic Resource.

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