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Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment


Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment


Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious medical condition where a blood clot forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. If left untreated, DVT can lead to life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism, where a clot breaks free and travels to the lungs.

What is Deep Venous Thrombosis?

DVT occurs when blood clots develop in the deep veins beneath the skin, often in the lower legs or thighs. The clot can partially or completely block blood flow, causing swelling and pain.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing DVT:

  • Prolonged immobility (long flights, bed rest)

  • Surgery, especially orthopedic procedures like hip or knee replacement

  • Injury to blood vessels

  • Certain medical conditions such as cancer or clotting disorders

  • Pregnancy and postpartum period

  • Use of hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills

  • Smoking and obesity

Learn more about DVT risk factors.

Signs and Symptoms of DVT

Common symptoms include:

  • Swelling in one leg (rarely both)

  • Pain or tenderness, often starting in the calf

  • Warmth and redness over the affected area

  • Visible surface veins

Some people with DVT may have no symptoms, which is why prevention and early diagnosis are important.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose DVT through:

  • Ultrasound imaging to visualize blood flow and detect clots

  • D-dimer blood test to detect clotting activity

  • Venography or MRI in some cases

Treatment

Treatment aims to prevent clot growth, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications:

  • Anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as heparin and warfarin

  • Compression stockings to reduce swelling and improve blood flow

  • In rare cases, clot removal procedures or filters placed in the large veins

  • Lifestyle modifications like regular exercise and hydration

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

  • Staying active and avoiding long periods of immobility

  • Using compression stockings if at high risk

  • Drinking plenty of fluids

  • Following medical advice after surgery or during long travel

📌 Bottom Line: Deep venous thrombosis is a potentially dangerous condition but can be managed effectively with early diagnosis and proper treatment. Awareness of risk factors and symptoms is key to prevention.

📚 Learn more from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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